BAB III & BAB IV, Reported Speech

Reported Speech

·         Definisi dan Pengertian

Refers to reproducing the idea of another person’s words. Not all of the exact words are used: verb forms and pronouns may change. Quotation marks are not used.

Reported Speech terbagi atas Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) dan Indirect Speech (kalimat tidak langsung).

Direct and Indirect Speech ini dibagi dalam 6 bagian, antara lain :

1.     Kalimat pernyataan (Statement)

2.    Kalimat perintah (Command)

3.    Kalimat melarang (Prohibition)

4.    Question word

5.    Request

6.    Yes or No

Perubahan Direct ke Indirect :

Tenses :

·         Present Tense menjadi Past Tense

·         Past Tense  menjadi Past Perfect

·         Past Tense menjadi Sama juga tetap

Adverb of Time :

·         Now menjadi Then

·         Yesterday menjadi The day before

·         Next week manjadi The week after

·         Tomorrow menjadi The next day

·         Today menjadi That day

·         … ago menjadi … before

Adverb of Place

·         Here menjadi There

·         This menjadi That

Other Expression

·         This menjadi That

·         These menjadi Those

·         Penjelasan

1.     Kalimat pernyataan (Statement)

D: Yudhis said, “I need money for the book.”

I : Yudhis said that He needed the money for the book.

2.    Kalimat Perintah (Command)

D: Aini told Agung, “Bring your camera, please!”

I : Aini told Agung to bring his camera.

3.    Kalimat melarang (Prohibition)

D: Kiki told me, “Don’t be late, or you’ll die.”

I : Kiki told me not to be late or I’ll die.

4.    Question Word

D: He said, “where is the stadion ?”

I : He said me where the stadion was.

5.    Requst

D : Aldi asked me, “would you like to come to Niko’s birthday party ?”

I : Aldi asked me whether/if I would like to come to Niko’s birthday party.

6.    Yes or No

D: Ipit asked me, “Do you understand this lesson ?”

I : Ipit asked me whether/if understood this lesson.

Sequence of Tenses Formal

1.     With Tenses

·         D          : He said, “ I work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he worked hard.

·         D          : He said,” I am working hard.”

I          : He said (that) he was working hard.

·         D          : He said,” I have worked hard.”

I          : He said (that) he had worked hard.

·         D          : He said, “I worked hard.”

I          : He said (that) he had worked hard.

·         D          : He said, "I am going to work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he was going to work hard.

2.    With Modals

·         D          : He said, “I will work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he would work hard.

·         D          : He said, “I can work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he could work hard.

·         D          :He said, “I may work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he might work hard.

·         D          : He said, “I have to work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he had to work hard.

·         D          : He said, “I must work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he had  to work hard.

·         D          : He said, “I shall work hard.”

I          : He said (that) he should work hard.

Daftar Pustaka

1.     Mahir Berbahasa Inggris Hanya Dengan Membaca Buku Ini

Penulis             : Wardidja
Penerbit           : Visipro, Divisi dari Kesaint Blanc (Jakarta – Indonesia, 2007)

2.    E-Book SMAN 5 Bekasi

Penulis             : Guru-guru B.Inggris SMAN 5 Bekasi
Penerbit           : SMAN 5 Bekasi

3.    Revolusi Belajar Kumpulan Rumus XII IPA

Penulis             : Ganesha Operation
Penerbit           : Ganesha Operation (Bandung, Agustus 2008)

4.    Fokus Bahasa Inggris

Penulis             : Altur Manurung
Penerbit           : Erlangga (Februari 2006)

5.    English in Context

Penulis             : Wachyu Sundayana, Agustin Hartati
Penerbit           : Grafindo Media Pratama (2007)
http://www.slideshare.net/reborn4papua/reported-speech-presentation-717313

BAB II, Command and Request

Command and Request

·         Definisi dan Pengertian

Command and request merupakan kalimat permintaan / permohonan dengan kata ganti orang kedua.

Kalimat perintah / permohonan ini terbagi manjadi dua, yaitu kalimat perintah positif dan kalimat perintah negative (kalimat larangan). Bentuk kalimatnya-pun tidak mempengaruhi penggunaan question tag.

·         Penjelasan

1.     Apabila kalimatnya bukan kata kerja (verb), maka pakailah “be” di depan kalimat karena be itu adalah verb. Tapi be ini tidak ada artinya/terjemahannya.

Ex..

Ø  Be diligent !

Ø  Be careful !

2.    “Do not” boleh dipendekkan jadi “don’t” yang artinya jangan kalau diletakkan di depan kalimat.

Ex..

Ø  Don’t forget your lesson.

Ø  Do not go there!

3.    Apabila kalimat Command and Request ini tidak ada “verb“-nya, maka “be“-lah yang menjadi wakil “verb“.

Ex..

Ø  Don’t be lazy!

Ø  Don’t be ashamed !

4.    Apabila  sesudah “be” terdapat kata benda atau nama orang maka arti “be” itu adalah jadi/menjadi.

Ex..

Ø  Be a teacher !

Ø  Be an honest man !

Ø  Don’t be a corruptor !

  

Daftar Pustaka

1.     Mahir Berbahasa Inggris Hanya Dengan Membaca Buku Ini

Penulis             : Wardidja
Penerbit           : Visipro, Divisi dari Kesaint Blanc (Jakarta – Indonesia, 2007)

2.    E-Book SMAN 5 Bekasi

Penulis             : Guru-guru B.Inggris SMAN 5 Bekasi
Penerbit           : SMAN 5 Bekasi

3.    Revolusi Belajar Kumpulan Rumus XII IPA

Penulis             : Ganesha Operation
Penerbit           : Ganesha Operation (Bandung, Agustus 2008)

4.    Fokus Bahasa Inggris

Penulis             : Altur Manurung
Penerbit           : Erlangga (Februari 2006)

5.    English in Context

Penulis             : Wachyu Sundayana, Agustin Hartati
Penerbit           : Grafindo Media Pratama (2007)
http://nadiautami.blogspot.com/2010/03/command-and-request.html